ReferenceID 8

Effects of Tobacco Smoking on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Clin Cancer Res

PURPOSE: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who actively smoke during treatment have worse survival compared with never-smokers and former-smokers. We hypothesize the poor prognosis in tobacco sm

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Reference Id
8
Evidence Id
16598
Core Evidence Id
16598
Source Reference Id
16
Herb2 Reference Id
HBREF000034
Subject Paper Key
HERB006344_31848186
Pubmed Id
31848186
Doi
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-1769
Paper Title
Effects of Tobacco Smoking on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Paper Abstract
PURPOSE: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who actively smoke during treatment have worse survival compared with never-smokers and former-smokers. We hypothesize the poor prognosis in tobacco smokers with HNSCC is, at least in part, due to ongoing suppression of immune response. We characterized the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) of HNSCC in a retrospective cohort of 177 current, former, and never smokers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tumor specimens were subjected to analysis of CD3, CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, PD-L1, and pancytokeratin by multiplex immunofluorescence, whole-exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing. Immune markers were measured in tumor core, tumor margin, and stroma. RESULTS: Our data indicate that current smokers have significantly lower numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and PD-L1+ cells in the TIM compared with never- and former-smokers. While tumor mutation burden and mutant allele tumor heterogeneity score do not associate with smoking status, gene-set enrichment analyses reveal significant suppression of IFNα and IFNγ response pathways in current smokers. Gene expression of canonical IFN response chemokines, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are lower in current smokers than in former smokers, suggesting a mechanism for the decreased immune cell migration to tumor sites. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest active tobacco use in HNSCC has an immunosuppressive effect through inhibition of tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, likely as a result of suppression of IFN response pathways. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between smoking and TIM in light of emerging immune modulators for cancer management.
Journal
Clin Cancer Res
Publish Year
2019
Experiment Subject
patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc)
Experiment Type
Clinical Experiment
Phenotype Related
Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Paper Title Cn
Paper Title En
Effects of Tobacco Smoking on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Bilingual Status
semi_complete