ReferenceID 6351
Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite and air pollutant, increases blood pressure and markers of kidney damage including proteinuria and KIM-1 in rats
J Transl Med
Background: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker in cardiovascular and renal diseases. TMAO originates from the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA), a product of gut microbiota and manufacturing industries-derived po
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- Reference Id
- 6351
- Evidence Id
- 22941
- Core Evidence Id
- 22941
- Source Reference Id
- 5981
- Herb2 Reference Id
- HBREF006778
- Subject Paper Key
- HBIN046495_36243862
- Pubmed Id
- 36243862
- Doi
- 10.1186/s12967-022-03687-y
- Paper Title
- Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite and air pollutant, increases blood pressure and markers of kidney damage including proteinuria and KIM-1 in rats
- Paper Abstract
- Background: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker in cardiovascular and renal diseases. TMAO originates from the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA), a product of gut microbiota and manufacturing industries-derived pollutant, by flavin monooxygenases (FMOs). The effect of chronic exposure to TMA on cardiovascular and renal systems is undetermined. Methods: Metabolic, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological evaluations were performed in 12-week-old male SPRD rats receiving water (controls) or TMA (200 or 500 µM/day) in water for 18 weeks. TMA and TMAO levels, the expression of FMOs and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes were evaluated in various tissues. Results: In comparison to controls, rats receiving high dose of TMA had significantly increased arterial systolic blood pressure (126.3 ± 11.4 vs 151.2 ± 19.9 mmHg; P = 0.01), urine protein to creatinine ratio (1.6 (1.5; 2.8) vs 3.4 (3.3; 4.2); P = 0.01), urine KIM-1 levels (2338.3 ± 732.0 vs. 3519.0 ± 953.0 pg/mL; P = 0.01), and hypertrophy of the tunica media of arteries and arterioles (36.61 ± 0.15 vs 45.05 ± 2.90 µm, P = 0.001 and 18.44 ± 0.62 vs 23.79 ± 2.60 µm, P = 0.006; respectively). Mild degeneration of renal bodies with glomerulosclerosis was also observed. There was no significant difference between the three groups in body weight, water-electrolyte balance, echocardiographic parameters and RAS expression. TMA groups had marginally increased 24 h TMA urine excretion, whereas serum levels and 24 h TMAO urine excretion were increased up to 24-fold, and significantly increased TMAO levels in the liver, kidneys and heart. TMA groups had lower FMOs expression in the kidneys. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to TMA increases blood pressure and increases markers of kidney damage, including proteinuria and KIM-1. TMA is rapidly oxidized to TMAO in rats, which may limit the toxic effects of TMA on other organs.
- Journal
- J Transl Med
- Publish Year
- 2022
- Experiment Subject
- rat
- Experiment Type
- Animal Experiment
- Phenotype Related
- Degeneration Of Renal Bodies; Cardiovascular And Renal Diseases; Glomerulosclerosis; Proteinuria
- Paper Title Cn
- Paper Title En
- Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite and air pollutant, increases blood pressure and markers of kidney damage including proteinuria and KIM-1 in rats
- Bilingual Status
- semi_complete