ReferenceID 5577
Ascorbic acid along with ciprofloxacin regulates S. aureus induced microglial inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor modulation
Inflammopharmacology
Microglial inflammatory responses play a central role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus induced brain infections. Upon activation, microglia produces free radicals (ROS/RNS) and disrupts the cellular antioxidant defense t
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Record Fields
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- Reference Id
- 5577
- Evidence Id
- 22167
- Core Evidence Id
- 22167
- Source Reference Id
- 4374
- Herb2 Reference Id
- HBREF005171
- Subject Paper Key
- HBIN032689_35704229
- Pubmed Id
- 35704229
- Doi
- 10.1007/s10787-022-01012-z
- Paper Title
- Ascorbic acid along with ciprofloxacin regulates S. aureus induced microglial inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor modulation
- Paper Abstract
- Microglial inflammatory responses play a central role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus induced brain infections. Upon activation, microglia produces free radicals (ROS/RNS) and disrupts the cellular antioxidant defense to combat invading microorganisms. Despite conventional antibiotic or steroid therapy, microglial over-activation could not be controlled. So, an attempt had been taken by using a natural antioxidant ascorbic acid along with ciprofloxacin to regulate microglial over-activation by involving TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in an in-vitro cell culture-based study. Combinatorial treatment during TLR-2 neutralization effectively reduced the bacterial burden at 60 min compared to the GR blocking condition (p < 0.05). Moreover, the infection-induced H 2 O 2 , O 2 .- , and NO release in microglial cell culture was diminished possibly by enhancing SOD and catalase activities in the same condition (p < 0.05). The arginase activity was markedly increased after TLR-2 blocking in the combinatorial group compared to single treatments (p < 0.05). Experimental results indicated that combinatorial treatment may act through up-regulating GR expression by augmenting endogenous corticosterone levels. However, better bacterial clearance could further suppress the TLR-2 mediated pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling. From Western blot analysis, it was concluded that ciprofloxacin-ascorbic acid combination in presence of anti-TLR-2 antibody exhibited 81.25% inhibition of TLR-2 expression while the inhibition for GR was 3.57% with respect to the infected group. Therefore, during TLR-2 blockade ascorbic acid combination might be responsible for the restoration of redox balance in microglia via modulating TLR-2/GR interaction. The combination treatment could play a major role in the neuroendocrine-immune regulation of S. aureus induced microglial activation.
- Journal
- Inflammopharmacology
- Publish Year
- 2022
- Experiment Subject
- microglial cell culture
- Experiment Type
- Cell Experiment
- Phenotype Related
- S. Aureus; Brain Infections
- Paper Title Cn
- Paper Title En
- Ascorbic acid along with ciprofloxacin regulates S. aureus induced microglial inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through TLR-2 and glucocorticoid receptor modulation
- Bilingual Status
- semi_complete