ReferenceID 4915
Cinnamic Acid Attenuates Peripheral and Hypothalamic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Pharmaceutics
Obesity is closely linked to chronic inflammation in peripheral organs and the hypothalamus. Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces the differentiation of Ly6c high monocytes into macrophages in adipose tis
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- Reference Id
- 4915
- Evidence Id
- 21505
- Core Evidence Id
- 21505
- Source Reference Id
- 3091
- Herb2 Reference Id
- HBREF003888
- Subject Paper Key
- HBIN020657_36015301
- Pubmed Id
- 36015301
- Doi
- 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081675
- Paper Title
- Cinnamic Acid Attenuates Peripheral and Hypothalamic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
- Paper Abstract
- Obesity is closely linked to chronic inflammation in peripheral organs and the hypothalamus. Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces the differentiation of Ly6c high monocytes into macrophages in adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although cinnamon improves obesity and related diseases, it is unclear which components of cinnamon can affect macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. We performed in silico analyses using ADME, drug-likeness, and molecular docking simulations to predict the active compounds of cinnamon. Among the 82 active compounds of cinnamon, cinnamic acid (CA) showed the highest score of ADME, blood-brain barrier permeability, drug-likeness, and cytokine binding. We then investigated whether CA modulates obesity-induced metabolic profiles and macrophage-related inflammatory responses in HFD-fed mice. While HFD feeding induced obesity, CA ameliorated obesity and related symptoms, such as epididymal fat gain, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, without hepatic and renal toxicity. CA also improved HFD-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, fat deposition, and macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue. CA decreased Ly6c high monocytes, adipose tissue M1 macrophages, and hypothalamic microglial activation. These results suggest that CA attenuates the peripheral and hypothalamic inflammatory monocytes/macrophage system and treats obesity-related metabolic disorders.
- Journal
- Pharmaceutics
- Publish Year
- 2022
- Experiment Subject
- mouse
- Experiment Type
- Cell Experiment
- Phenotype Related
- Obesity; Glucose Intolerance; Dyslipidemia; Chronic Inflammation; Tumor; Epididymal Fat Gain; Hepatic And Renal Toxicity; Metabolic Disorders
- Paper Title Cn
- Paper Title En
- Cinnamic Acid Attenuates Peripheral and Hypothalamic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
- Bilingual Status
- semi_complete