ReferenceID 4167
Pre- and Early Post-treatment With Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Extract Impedes Lipopolysaccharide-triggered Neuroinflammation in Microglia
Front Pharmacol
Background: Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and microglia activation lead to cellular and tissue damage contributing to neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont, or
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Record Fields
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- Reference Id
- 4167
- Evidence Id
- 20757
- Core Evidence Id
- 20757
- Source Reference Id
- 1601
- Herb2 Reference Id
- HBREF002398
- Subject Paper Key
- HERB003610_34566649
- Pubmed Id
- 34566649
- Doi
- 10.3389/fphar.2021.724993
- Paper Title
- Pre- and Early Post-treatment With Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Extract Impedes Lipopolysaccharide-triggered Neuroinflammation in Microglia
- Paper Abstract
- Background: Uncontrolled neuroinflammation and microglia activation lead to cellular and tissue damage contributing to neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont, or Spirulina platensis), a blue-green microalga, which belongs to the class of cyanobacteria, has been studied for its numerous health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory properties, among others. Furthermore, in vivo studies have highlighted neuroprotective effects of Spirulina from neuroinflammatory insults in different brain areas. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the microalga are not completely understood. In this study we examined the effect of pre- and post-treatment with an acetone extract of Spirulina (E1) in an in vitro model of LPS-induced microglia activation. Methods: The effect of E1 on the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, expression of iNOS, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the activation of NF-kappaB was investigated in primary microglia by ELISA, real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. Results: Pre- and early post-treatment with non-cytotoxic concentrations of E1 down-regulated the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and the over-expression of iNOS induced by LPS. E1 also significantly blocked the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 subunit, and upregulated gene and protein levels of Nrf2, as well as gene expression of HO-1. Conclusions: These results indicate that the extract of Spirulina can be useful in the control of microglia activation and neuroinflammatory processes. This evidence can support future in vivo studies to test pre- and post-treatment effects of the acetone extract from Spirulina.
- Journal
- Front Pharmacol
- Publish Year
- 2021
- Experiment Subject
- Experiment Type
- Cell Experiment
- Phenotype Related
- Neurodegenerative And Neurological Disorders
- Paper Title Cn
- Paper Title En
- Pre- and Early Post-treatment With Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Extract Impedes Lipopolysaccharide-triggered Neuroinflammation in Microglia
- Bilingual Status
- semi_complete