ReferenceID 3131

Riboflavin Attenuates Influenza Virus Through Cytokine-Mediated Effects on the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in MAIT Cell Deficiency Mice

Front Microbiol

Influenza is a serious respiratory disease that continues to threaten global health. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells use T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize microbial riboflavin derived intermediates presen

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Reference Id
3131
Evidence Id
19721
Core Evidence Id
19721
Source Reference Id
6257
Herb2 Reference Id
HBREF007054
Subject Paper Key
HBIN048066_35722312
Pubmed Id
35722312
Doi
10.3389/fmicb.2022.916580
Paper Title
Riboflavin Attenuates Influenza Virus Through Cytokine-Mediated Effects on the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in MAIT Cell Deficiency Mice
Paper Abstract
Influenza is a serious respiratory disease that continues to threaten global health. Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells use T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize microbial riboflavin derived intermediates presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like protein MR1. Riboflavin synthesis is broadly conserved, but the roles or mechanisms of riboflavin in MR1 -/- mouse influenza infection are not well understood. In our study, immunofluorescence techniques were applied to analyze the number and distribution of viruses in lung tissue. The amount of cytokine expression was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), ELISA, and qPCR. The changes in the fecal flora of mice were evaluated based on amplicon sequencing of the 16S V3-V4 region. Our study showed that MAIT cell deficiency increased mortality and that riboflavin altered these effects in microbiota-depleted mice. The oral administration of riboflavin inhibited IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-18 production but significantly increased the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 in a mouse model. The analysis of the mouse flora revealed that riboflavin treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus ( p < 0.05) and decreased that of Bacteroides . In contrast, MR1 -/- mice exhibited a concentrated aggregation of Bacteroides ( p < 0.01), which indicated that MAIT cell deficiency reduced the diversity of the bacterial population. Our results define the functions of MAIT cells and riboflavin in resistance to influenza virus and suggest a potential role for riboflavin in enhancing MAIT cell immunity and the intestinal flora diversity. Gut populations can be expanded to enhance host resistance to influenza, and the results indicate novel interactions among viruses, MAIT cells, and the gut microbiota.
Journal
Front Microbiol
Publish Year
2022
Experiment Subject
mouse; influenza; mait cells
Experiment Type
Animal Experiment
Phenotype Related
Mait Cell Deficiency; Mucosa-associated Invariant T; Influenza; Respiratory Disease
Paper Title Cn
Paper Title En
Riboflavin Attenuates Influenza Virus Through Cytokine-Mediated Effects on the Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in MAIT Cell Deficiency Mice
Bilingual Status
semi_complete