ReferenceID 2977
Geranylgeraniol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mouse-Derived MG6 Microglial Cells via NF-κB Signaling Modulation
Int J Mol Sci
Persistent inflammatory reactions in microglial cells are strongly associated with neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Additionally, geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a plant-derived isoprenoid, has been found to improve inflammatory
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Record Fields
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- Reference Id
- 2977
- Evidence Id
- 19567
- Core Evidence Id
- 19567
- Source Reference Id
- 5953
- Herb2 Reference Id
- HBREF006750
- Subject Paper Key
- HBIN046121_34638882
- Pubmed Id
- 34638882
- Doi
- 10.3390/ijms221910543
- Paper Title
- Geranylgeraniol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mouse-Derived MG6 Microglial Cells via NF-κB Signaling Modulation
- Paper Abstract
- Persistent inflammatory reactions in microglial cells are strongly associated with neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Additionally, geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a plant-derived isoprenoid, has been found to improve inflammatory conditions in several animal models. It has also been observed that its chemical structure is similar to that of the side chain of menaquinone-4, which is a vitamin K2 sub-type that suppresses inflammation in mouse-derived microglial cells. In this study, we investigated whether GGOH has a similar anti-inflammatory effect in activated microglial cells. Particularly, mouse-derived MG6 cells pre-treated with GGOH were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thereafter, the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined via qRT-PCR, while protein expression levels, especially the expression of NF-kappaB signaling cascade-related proteins, were determined via Western blot analysis. The distribution of NF-kappaB p65 protein was also analyzed via fluorescence microscopy. Thus, it was observed that GGOH dose-dependently suppressed the LPS-induced increase in the mRNA levels of Il-1beta, Tnf-alpha, Il-6, and Cox-2. Furthermore, GGOH inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1, IKKalpha/beta, and NF-kappaB p65 proteins as well as NF-kappaB nuclear translocation induced by LPS while maintaining IkappaBalpha expression. We showed that GGOH, similar to menaquinone-4, could alleviate LPS-induced microglial inflammation by targeting the NF-kB signaling pathway.
- Journal
- Int J Mol Sci
- Publish Year
- 2021
- Experiment Subject
- mouse; mouse-derived mg6 cells; mouse-derived microglial cells
- Experiment Type
- Cell Experiment
- Phenotype Related
- Paper Title Cn
- Paper Title En
- Geranylgeraniol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mouse-Derived MG6 Microglial Cells via NF-κB Signaling Modulation
- Bilingual Status
- semi_complete