ReferenceID 2102
Microbiota-Derived Metabolites, Indole-3-aldehyde and Indole-3-acetic Acid, Differentially Modulate Innate Cytokines and Stromal Remodeling Processes Associated with Autoimmune Arthritis
Int J Mol Sci
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial joints. Inflammation, new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) and bone resorption (osteoclastogenesis) are three
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Record Fields
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- Reference Id
- 2102
- Evidence Id
- 18692
- Core Evidence Id
- 18692
- Source Reference Id
- 4225
- Herb2 Reference Id
- HBREF005022
- Subject Paper Key
- HBIN029980_33670600
- Pubmed Id
- 33670600
- Doi
- 10.3390/ijms22042017
- Paper Title
- Microbiota-Derived Metabolites, Indole-3-aldehyde and Indole-3-acetic Acid, Differentially Modulate Innate Cytokines and Stromal Remodeling Processes Associated with Autoimmune Arthritis
- Paper Abstract
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial joints. Inflammation, new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) and bone resorption (osteoclastogenesis) are three key processes involved in the joint damage and deformities of arthritis. Various gut microbiota-derived metabolites are implicated in RA pathogenesis. However, there is barely any information about the impact of two such metabolites, indole-3-aldehyde (IAld) and indole-3-acetic acid (I3AA), on arthritis-related processes. We conducted a comparative analysis of IAld and I3AA using established cell-based models to understand how they might influence RA pathogenesis. Although structurally similar, the bioactivities of these two metabolites were profoundly different. IAld but not I3AA, inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-6) in RAW 264.7 (RAW) cells stimulated with heat-killed M. tuberculosis sonicate (Mtb) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IAld also exhibited pro-angiogenic activity and pro-osteoclastogenic activity. In contrast, I3AA exhibited anti-angiogenic activity on endothelial cell tube formation but had no effect on osteoclastogenesis. Both IAld and I3AA have been proposed as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. Use of CH-223191, an inhibitor of the AhR, suppressed the anti-angiogenic activity of I3AA but failed to mitigate the effects of IAld. Further investigation of the anti-inflammatory activities of IAld and I3AA in LPS-treated RAW cells indicated that inhibition of MyD88-dependent activation of NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways was not likely involved. Our results suggest that the relative bioavailability of these indole derivatives may differentially impact RA progression and possibly other diseases that share similar cellular processes.
- Journal
- Int J Mol Sci
- Publish Year
- 2021
- Experiment Subject
- raw 264.7 (raw) cells; raw cells
- Experiment Type
- Cell Experiment
- Phenotype Related
- Deformities Of Arthritis; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Autoimmune Disease; Chronic Inflammation Of The Synovial Joints
- Paper Title Cn
- Paper Title En
- Microbiota-Derived Metabolites, Indole-3-aldehyde and Indole-3-acetic Acid, Differentially Modulate Innate Cytokines and Stromal Remodeling Processes Associated with Autoimmune Arthritis
- Bilingual Status
- semi_complete