ReferenceID 1917
Gamma-tocopherol, a major form of vitamin E in diets: Insights into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mechanisms, and roles in disease management
Free Radic Biol Med
gamma-Tocopherol (gammaT) is a major form of vitamin E in the US diet and the second most abundant vitamin E in the blood and tissues, while alpha-tocopherol (alphaT) is the predominant vitamin E in tissues. During the l
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Record Fields
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- Reference Id
- 1917
- Evidence Id
- 18507
- Core Evidence Id
- 18507
- Source Reference Id
- 3837
- Herb2 Reference Id
- HBREF004634
- Subject Paper Key
- HBIN027166_34896589
- Pubmed Id
- 34896589
- Doi
- 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.012
- Paper Title
- Gamma-tocopherol, a major form of vitamin E in diets: Insights into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mechanisms, and roles in disease management
- Paper Abstract
- gamma-Tocopherol (gammaT) is a major form of vitamin E in the US diet and the second most abundant vitamin E in the blood and tissues, while alpha-tocopherol (alphaT) is the predominant vitamin E in tissues. During the last >25 years, research has revealed that gammaT has unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities relevant to disease prevention compared to alphaT. While both compounds are potent lipophilic antioxidants, gammaT but not alphaT can trap reactive nitrogen species by forming 5-nitro-gammaT, and appears to show superior protection of mitochondrial function. gammaT inhibits ionophore-stimulated leukotrienes by blocking 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) translocation in leukocytes, decreases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed prostaglandins in macrophages and blocks the growth of cancer cells but not healthy cells. For these activities, gammaT is stronger than alphaT. Moreover, gammaT is more extensively metabolized than alphaT via cytochrome P-450 (CYP4F2)-initiated side-chain oxidation, which leads to formation of metabolites including 13'-carboxychromanol (13'-COOH) and carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman (gamma-CEHC). 13'-COOH and gamma-CEHC are shown to be the predominant metabolites found in feces and urine, respectively. Interestingly, gamma-CEHC has natriuretic activity and 13'-COOH inhibits both COX-1/-2 and 5-LOX activity. Consistent with these mechanistic findings of gammaT and metabolites, studies show that supplementation of gammaT mitigates inflammation and disease symptoms in animal models with induced inflammation, asthma and cancer. In addition, supplementation of gammaT decreased inflammation markers in patients with kidney diseases and mild asthma. These observations support that gammaT may be useful against inflammation-associated diseases.
- Journal
- Free Radic Biol Med
- Publish Year
- 2022
- Experiment Subject
- patient
- Experiment Type
- Cell Experiment
- Phenotype Related
- Inflammation-associated Diseases; Inflammation; Kidney Diseases; Cancer; Asthma
- Paper Title Cn
- Paper Title En
- Gamma-tocopherol, a major form of vitamin E in diets: Insights into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mechanisms, and roles in disease management
- Bilingual Status
- semi_complete