Meta AnalysisID 359
预防和/或减少帮派相关暴力及其他健康危害的“综合”干预措施：一项系统评价
CRD42020201446
RQ1. What is the nature and extent of interventions for gang related violence? RQ2. What is the range of (comprehensive) interventions for gang-related violence and what are the critical mechanisms, contexts and outcomes
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Record Fields
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- Meta Analysis Id
- 359
- Evidence Id
- 8917
- Core Evidence Id
- 8917
- Source Meta Analysis Id
- 338
- Herb2 Meta Analysis Id
- HBMA000338
- Crd Id
- CRD42020201446
- Title
- ‘Comprehensive’ interventions to prevent and/or reduce gang-related violence and other harms to health: a systematic review
- Review Question
- RQ1. What is the nature and extent of interventions for gang related violence? RQ2. What is the range of (comprehensive) interventions for gang-related violence and what are the critical mechanisms, contexts and outcomes through which they operate? RQ3. Which comprehensive interventions are most effective at preventing and/or reducing gang related violence compared with usual service provision? RQ4. Which critical mechanisms are most important to the success of effective comprehensive interventions for gang violence, for which populations and outcomes, and in what contexts? RQ5. What is the cost-effectiveness of different types of comprehensive interventions for gang-related violence? RQ6. How do the findings map onto existing UK service provision for gang-related violence?
- Study Type Included
- Studies with a robust comparison group design (intervention group and comparable control group that did not receive the intervention) with both pre-test and post-test measurements. Specifically: • Randomised Controlled Trials • Randomised design, including cluster-randomised trials and quasi-randomised trials whereby participants are allocated to a treatment or control group via methods that are not truly random • Quasi-experimental: interrupted time series design with at least 50 time points, at least 20 of which are recorded before or after the start of the intervention. Alternatively, 3 or more data points must have been recorded before and at 3 times after the intervention and a clearly defined point in time when the intervention occurred. • Quasi-experimental: non-equivalent comparison group design where participants are allocated to treatment or control group using non-random methods with at least two intervention and two control sites. Exclusion criteria No comparison group design: Single-group studies or post-test only comparisons.
- Condition Being Studied
- Gang violence and gang-related harms to health.
- Participant
- Units of analysis can be areas (cities, neighbourhoods, police beats) or individuals. The target population may be: • Universal: for children and young people generally • Targeted: for at-risk children and young people • Targeted: for high-risk children and young people, i.e. those already involved in gangs, youth crime and violence Given the model’s multi-faceted approach of targeting both individuals and entire populations, there will be no participant-based restrictions. Provided an evaluation uses at least one of the specified measures of neighbourhood or area-wide changes in gang violence or other relevant outcomes measures (as defined below) and meets the other specified inclusion criteria, the evaluation will be included.
- Animal
- Human Disease Modelled
- Intervention
- Interventions must be ‘comprehensive’, defined as multi-faceted approaches encompassing more than one distinct type of intervention. Such multi-faceted gang interventions can incorporate whole-system approaches; multi-agency initiatives; ‘carrot and stick’ programmes which offer support and suppression; involvement of local communities with agencies.
- Comparator Control
- Non-intervention site (no treatment/ usual practice) matched to intervention site based on population demographics and violent crime trends.
- Main Outcome
- Gang–related incidences of violence (homicides, stabbings, shootings, beatings), taken from hospital records, arrest data and police intelligence, and self-reported data. Measures of effect The effectiveness of the different interventions will be established using a standard measure that allows studies using different outcome measures and types of data to be compared using a common metric (the standardised mean difference, referred to as an effect size) for the range of outcomes. Specialised software (EPPI-Reviewer) will be utilised to calculate effect sizes, their standard errors, and their conversions from the range of data encountered. If data required to compute effect sizes is missing, we will attempt to contact the authors of the studies.
- Outcome Measure
- Additional Outcome
- Additional outcomes 1. Outcomes related to health and other public sector resource use (e.g. length of hospital stay and readmission; non-hospital service use) as well as wider societal costs and benefits; physical and mental health outcomes, health-related quality of life measures. 2. Gang membership 3. Other gang-related crime and anti-social behaviour 4. Intervention-specific outcomes where gang-related Measures of effect The effectiveness of the different interventions will be established using a standard measure that allows studies using different outcome measures and types of data to be compared using a common metric (the standardised mean difference, referred to as an effect size) for the range of outcomes. Specialised software (EPPI-Reviewer) will be utilised to calculate effect sizes, their standard errors, and their conversions from the range of data encountered. If data required to compute effect sizes is missing, we will attempt to contact the authors of the studies.
- Study Method
- Cost effectiveness, Intervention, Meta-analysis, Narrative synthesis, Systematic review
- Keyword
- Humans; Peer Group; Violence
- Contact
- James Hodgkinson [email protected]
- Organisational Affiliation
- University of Birmingham
- Funding Source
- Funder: NIHR PHR NIHR129814 Sponsor: University of Birmingham Grant number(s) <span style=font-size: 14px>State the funder, grant or award number and the date of award</span> NIHR129814
- Other Selection Criteria
- Final Publication
- Same Topic Review
- Hodgkinson J, Marshall S, Berry G, Newman M, Reynolds P, Burton E, Dickson K, Anderson J. Reducing gang related crime: A systematic review of ‘comprehensive’ interventions. Technical report. In: Research Evidence in Education Library. 2009. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London. ISBN:978-0-9559087-9-8
- Published Protocol
- Review Type
- Language
- English
- Country
- England
- Review Stage
- Review Ongoing
- First Submission Date
- 2020-07-28
- Registration Date
- 2020-07-30
- Anticipated Start Date
- 2020-09-01
- Anticipated Completion Date
- 2022-08-31
- Title Cn
- 预防和/或减少帮派相关暴力及其他健康危害的“综合”干预措施：一项系统评价
- Title En
- ‘Comprehensive’ interventions to prevent and/or reduce gang-related violence and other harms to health: a systematic review
- Bilingual Status
- complete