HerbID 8409

牛膝；怀牛膝

Blood Activating Stasis Removing Drugs; Blood activation and stasis removal

To replenish the liver and the kidney; to strengthen the tendons and bones; to eliminate blood stasis and stimulate menstrual discharge; and to lead the blood to flow downward.Treament of soreness of the lumbar and knee

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Record Fields

Scalar fields from the final herb record.

Herb Id: 8409
Core Entity Id: 83108
Source Entity Count: 2
Preferred Name: 牛膝;怀牛膝
Name Cn: 牛膝；怀牛膝
Name Pinyin: Niu Xi; Huai Niu Xi
Name En: root of Twotooth Achyranthes
Name Latin: Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix
Bilingual Status: complete
Property: Mild; Sweet; Sour; Bitter; Calm; Even
Flavor: Bitter; Sweet; Sour
Meridian: Liver; Kidney
Use Part: Root; Achyranthes Bidentata Bl
Function: To replenish the liver and the kidney; to strengthen the tendons and bones; to eliminate blood stasis and stimulate menstrual discharge; and to lead the blood to flow downward.Treament of soreness of the lumbar and knee joints with weakness inthe legs; amenorrhea with mass formation in the abdomen; dizziness due to hyperactivity of the liver.; and to lead the blood to flow downward.
Indication: Aching in lumbus and knees; amenorrhea due to blood stasis; dysmenorrhea; postpartum blood stasis abdominal pain; concretion and conglomeration; retention of placenta; heat strangury; blood strangury; knocks and falls; swollen welling abscess and malign sore; swelling pain in throat.
Toxicity
Category Cn: 活血祛瘀药
Category En: Blood Activating Stasis Removing Drugs; Blood activation and stasis removal

Names

Preferred names, aliases, and source labels retained in the final schema.

Name

牛膝;怀牛膝

Role

preferred

Source

TCMBank

Language

Preferred

Yes

Name

root of Twotooth Achyranthes

Role

english

Source

TCMBank

Language

Preferred

Name

NIU XI;HUAI NIU XI

Role

pinyin

Source

TCMBank

Language

pinyin

Preferred

Name

NiuXi

Role

pinyin

Source

ETCM_v2

Language

pinyin

Preferred

Yes

Name

牛膝

Role

preferred

Source

itcmdb_public

Language

Preferred

Yes

Name

土牛膝

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

怀夕

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

怀牛膝

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

怀膝

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

接骨丹

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

杜牛膝

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

淮牛膝

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

牛克膝

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

牛盖膝

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

牛盖膝头

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

牛磕膝

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

牛胳膝盖

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

牛茎

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

百倍

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

真夕

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

粘草子根

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

红牛膝

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

脚斯蹬

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

野牛充膝

Role

alias

Source

itcmdb_public

Preferred

Name

铁牛膝

Role

alias

Source

HERB_v2

Preferred

Name

Twotoothed Achyranthes Root; Root of Twotooth Achyranthes

Role

english

Source

HERB_v2

Language

Preferred

Name

root of Twotooth Achyranthes;Twotooth Achyranthes

Role

english

Source

TCMBank

Language

Preferred

Name

Achyranthes bidentata Blume.

Role

latin

Source

ETCM_v2

Language

Preferred

Name

Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix; Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae

Role

latin

Source

HERB_v2

Language

Preferred

Name

Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix

Role

latin

Source

SymMap_v2

Language

Preferred

Name

Radix Achyranthis bidentatae

Role

latin

Source

TCMBank

Language

Preferred

Name

NIU XI

Role

pinyin

Source

TCMBank

Language

pinyin

Preferred

Name

Niu Xi

Role

pinyin

Source

HERB_v2

Language

pinyin

Preferred

Name

Niuxi

Role

pinyin

Source

SymMap_v2

Language

pinyin

Preferred

Aliases

Additional names normalized into the restored final schema.

Achyranthes bidentata Blume.Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix; Radix Achyranthis BidentataeNiuxiRadix Achyranthis Bidentatae,Achyranthis Bidentatae RadixRadix Achyranthis bidentataeTwotoothed Achyranthes Root; Root of Twotooth Achyranthesroot of Twotooth Achyranthes;Twotooth Achyranthes土牛膝怀夕怀牛膝怀膝接骨丹杜牛膝淮牛膝牛克膝牛盖膝牛盖膝头牛磕膝牛胳膝盖牛膝牛茎百倍真夕粘草子根红牛膝脚斯蹬野牛充膝铁牛膝

Cross References

Trusted external identifiers retained for this final record.

Herb

HERB002475HERB004218

Tcmid

15615736

Tcmsp

304361533

Sym Map

SMHB00304

Tcm Id

158822255335736

Ch P2025

5665ca920d3e3bfac4b150746f98c017

Tcmbank

TCMBANKHE004287TCMBANKHE008911

Etcm Herb

NiuXi

Our Yao2025

49259

Itcmdb Generated

ITX-HERB-1CB404F1AABBITX-HERB-9D3D678F4A3F

Attributes

Merged source attributes and domain-specific metadata.

Cid

Url

https://db2.ouryao.com/yd2025/view.php?id=5665ca920d3e3bfac4b150746f98c017

Cid2

Flavor

Bitter, Sweet, Sour

Source

一部

Use Part

root;Achyranthes bidentata BlRootroot

Section

药材和饮片

Function

To replenish the liver and the kidney, to strengthen the tendons and bones, to eliminate blood stasis and stimulate menstrual discharge, and to lead the blood to flow downward.Treament of soreness of the lumbar and knee joints with weakness inthe legs, amenorrhea with mass formation in the abdomen, dizziness due to hyperactivity of the liver.To replenish the liver and the kidney, to strengthen the tendons and bones, to eliminate blood stasis and stimulate menstrual discharge, and to lead the blood to flow downward.

Property

Even

Suppress

Reviewer

紫苏心怡

Meridians

Liver; Kidney

Indication

Aching in lumbus and knees, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, dysmenorrhea, postpartum blood stasis abdominal pain, concretion and conglomeration, retention of placenta , heat strangury, blood strangury, knocks and falls, swollen welling abscess and malign sore, swelling pain in throat. Aching in lumbus and knees, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, dysmenorrhea, postpartum blood stasis abdominal pain, concretion and conglomeration, retention of placenta , heat strangury, blood strangury, knocks and falls, swollen welling abscess and malign sore, swelling pain in throat.

Properties

Mild; Sweet; Sour; BitterBitter; Sweet; Sour; Calm

Breadcrumbs

一部药材和饮片

Level2 Name

2.活血调经药(11-11)

Class Chinese

活血祛瘀药

Class English

Blood Activating Stasis Removing Drugs

Level1 Name En

blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinal

Parsed Sections

性状

本品形如牛膝段，表面色略深，偶见焦斑。微有酒香气。

检查

水分不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。总灰分不得过9.0%（通则2302）。二氧化硫残留量照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400mg/kg。

注意

孕妇慎用。

炮制

牛膝除去杂质，洗净，润透，除去残留芦头，切段，干燥。

贮藏

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。

鉴别

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为数列扁平细胞，切向延伸。栓内层较窄。异型维管束外韧型，断续排列成2～4轮，最外轮的维管束较小，有的仅1至数个导管，束间形成层几连接成环，向内维管束较大；木质部主要由导管及小的木纤维组成，根中心木质部集成2～3群。薄壁细胞含有草酸钙砂晶。（2）取本品粉末4g，加80%甲醇50ml，加热回流3小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水15ml，微热使溶解，加在D101型大孔吸附树脂柱（内径为1.5cm，柱高为15cm）上，用水100ml洗脱，弃去水液，再用20%乙醇100ml洗脱，弃去洗脱液，继用80%乙醇100ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加80%甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取牛膝对照药材4g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取β-蜕皮甾酮对照品、人参皂苷Ro对照品，加甲醇分别制成每1ml各含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液4～8μl、对照药材溶液和对照品溶液各4μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水-甲酸（7∶3∶0.5∶0.05）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

浸出物

同药材，不得少于4.0%。

含量测定

同药材。

功能与主治

逐瘀通经，补肝肾，强筋骨，利尿通淋，引血下行。用于经闭，痛经，腰膝酸痛，筋骨无力，淋证，水肿，头痛，眩晕，牙痛，口疮，吐血，衄血。

性味与归经

苦、甘、酸，平。归肝、肾经。

用法与用量

5～12g。

Meridian Tropism

Liver meridian, Kidney meridian

Meridians Chinese

肝,肾

Meridians English

Liver,Kidney

Properties Chinese

苦,甘,酸,平

Properties English

Bitter,Sweet,Sour,Calm

Therapeutic Cn Class

活血祛瘀药

Therapeutic En Class

Blood Activating Stasis Removing Drugs;Blood activation and stasis removalBlood Activating Stasis Removing Drugs

Clinical Manifestations

1. Inhibiting the progress of experimental arthritis in animals, and antiphlogistic and antioncotic.2. Its decoction or infusion induce concentration of gravid or ungravid uterus in experimental animals.3. Its decoction exerts a transient hypotensive and 1. inhibiting the progress of experimental arthritis in animals, and antiphlogistic and antioncotic.2. its decoction or infusion induce concentration of gravid or ungravid uterus in experimental animals.3. its decoction exerts a transient hypotensive and